一、應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的差異

1、 Differences in application fields

糖尿病領(lǐng)域：在埃及，有研究通過(guò)電話隨訪和教育包來(lái)改善糖尿病患者的生活方式和臨床狀態(tài)。具體而言，該研究采用準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)，對(duì) 100 名年齡在 18 至 65 歲的糖尿病患者進(jìn)行研究，使用患者評(píng)估表和健康促進(jìn)生活方式檔案等工具，結(jié)果顯示電話隨訪教育后患者的生活方式和臨床數(shù)據(jù)有顯著差異，表明遠(yuǎn)程護(hù)理對(duì)糖尿病患者是一種有效的護(hù)理策略。在中國(guó)，有研究利用云隨訪平臺(tái)對(duì)糖尿病患者進(jìn)行健康教育，結(jié)果表明可有效提高糖尿病住院患者對(duì)健康教育內(nèi)容的掌握，減少護(hù)理人員工作負(fù)荷，提高患者對(duì)護(hù)理的滿意度。

Diabetes: In Egypt, there are studies to improve the lifestyle and clinical status of diabetes patients through telephone follow-up and education packages. Specifically, the study used a quasi experimental design to study 100 diabetes patients aged between 18 and 65 years. Using the patient assessment form and health promotion lifestyle files and other tools, the results showed that there were significant differences in the lifestyle and clinical data of patients after telephone follow-up education, indicating that remote nursing was an effective nursing strategy for diabetes patients. In China, some studies have used cloud follow-up platform to conduct health education for diabetes patients. The results show that it can effectively improve diabetes inpatients' mastery of health education content, reduce the workload of nursing staff, and improve patients' satisfaction with nursing.

減肥手術(shù)領(lǐng)域：瑞典的一項(xiàng)研究評(píng)估了智能手機(jī)遠(yuǎn)程隨訪在減肥手術(shù)后患者中的可行性。在該研究中，干預(yù)組患者通過(guò)智能手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序接受隨訪，對(duì)照組在門診進(jìn)行每三個(gè)月一次的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)隨訪。結(jié)果顯示，兩組在體重減輕、并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率、生物電阻抗分析參數(shù)和生活質(zhì)量方面沒(méi)有顯著差異，但干預(yù)組的血清鈣水平顯著高于對(duì)照組。這表明智能手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序的遠(yuǎn)程隨訪至少與門診傳統(tǒng)隨訪一樣有效，并且可以為患者節(jié)省時(shí)間，讓醫(yī)療專業(yè)人員有更多資源用于處理更嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題的患者。

In the field of weight loss surgery, a Swedish study evaluated the feasibility of smartphone remote follow-up in patients after weight loss surgery. In this study, the intervention group received follow-up through a smartphone application, while the control group underwent standard follow-up every three months in the outpatient department. The results showed that there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of weight loss, incidence of complications, bioelectrical impedance analysis parameters, and quality of life, but the intervention group had significantly higher serum calcium levels than the control group. This indicates that remote follow-up through smartphone applications is at least as effective as traditional outpatient follow-up, and can save patients time, allowing medical professionals to have more resources to deal with patients with more serious problems.

慢性腎臟病領(lǐng)域：在中國(guó)，基于慢性病管理模型構(gòu)建智能健康隨訪管理系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用于慢性腎臟病患者。通過(guò)組建團(tuán)隊(duì)、搭建系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)、建立專病數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)及開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)用模塊，對(duì)患者進(jìn)行隨訪。干預(yù)六個(gè)月后，觀察組自我管理能力評(píng)分顯著高于對(duì)照組，肌酐、尿微量白蛋白肌酐比值、收縮壓、舒張壓、BMI 值顯著低于對(duì)照組，表明該系統(tǒng)能提高慢性腎臟病患者的自我管理能力，延緩疾病進(jìn)展。

In the field of chronic kidney disease: In China, an intelligent health follow-up management system based on a chronic disease management model is applied to patients with chronic kidney disease. By forming a team, building a system architecture, establishing a specialized disease database, and developing application modules, patients are followed up. After six months of intervention, the self-management ability score of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group. The creatinine, urinary microalbumin creatinine ratio, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and BMI values were significantly lower than those of the control group, indicating that the system can improve the self-management ability of patients with chronic kidney disease and delay disease progression.

外周動(dòng)脈疾病領(lǐng)域：巴西的研究開(kāi)發(fā)了一款針對(duì)外周動(dòng)脈疾病患者的移動(dòng)教育隨訪應(yīng)用程序。該應(yīng)用程序的教學(xué)內(nèi)容基于對(duì)患者需求的調(diào)查和文獻(xiàn)推薦的治療方法，包含概念、危險(xiǎn)因素、癥狀、治療、藥物重要性及副作用、常見(jiàn)疑問(wèn)、必要的醫(yī)療護(hù)理以及通過(guò)監(jiān)測(cè)病變瘢痕過(guò)程和可能并發(fā)癥的進(jìn)展來(lái)進(jìn)行隨訪等內(nèi)容。結(jié)論認(rèn)為該應(yīng)用程序有潛力改善患者對(duì)疾病進(jìn)展的隨訪和自我護(hù)理，監(jiān)測(cè)危險(xiǎn)因素，促進(jìn)患者參與治療和家庭參與，以及規(guī)劃個(gè)性化護(hù)理并降低衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)成本。

In the field of peripheral arterial disease, Brazil has developed a mobile education follow-up application for patients with peripheral arterial disease. The teaching content of this application is based on a survey of patient needs and literature recommendations for treatment methods, including concepts, risk factors, symptoms, treatment, drug importance and side effects, common questions, necessary medical care, and follow-up through monitoring the progression of scar lesions and possible comorbidities. The conclusion is that this application has the potential to improve patients' follow-up and self-care of disease progression, monitor risk factors, promote patient participation in treatment and family involvement, as well as plan personalized care and reduce healthcare system costs.

二、隨訪方式的差異

2、 Differences in follow-up methods

電話隨訪：埃及在糖尿病患者的護(hù)理中采用電話隨訪的方式，結(jié)合教育包對(duì)患者進(jìn)行干預(yù)，以評(píng)估其對(duì)患者生活方式和臨床狀態(tài)的影響。這種方式相對(duì)傳統(tǒng)，但在一定程度上能夠?yàn)榛颊咛峁┘皶r(shí)的護(hù)理指導(dǎo)和信息支持。

Telephone follow-up: Egypt used telephone follow-up in the nursing of patients with diabetes, combined with the education package to intervene the patients, so as to assess their impact on their lifestyle and clinical status. This approach is relatively traditional, but to a certain extent, it can provide timely nursing guidance and information support for patients.

智能手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序隨訪：瑞典在減肥手術(shù)后患者的隨訪中使用智能手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序，巴西在外周動(dòng)脈疾病患者的隨訪中也開(kāi)發(fā)了移動(dòng)教育隨訪應(yīng)用程序。這種方式更加便捷高效，患者可以隨時(shí)隨地通過(guò)手機(jī)接收問(wèn)卷和健康信息，醫(yī)療專業(yè)人員也可以更方便地對(duì)患者進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)測(cè)和管理。

Smartphone application follow-up: Sweden uses smartphone applications for follow-up of patients after weight loss surgery, and Brazil has also developed mobile education follow-up applications for follow-up of peripheral arterial disease patients. This method is more convenient and efficient, as patients can receive questionnaires and health information anytime and anywhere through their mobile phones. Medical professionals can also conveniently monitor and manage patients remotely.

智能健康隨訪管理系統(tǒng)隨訪：中國(guó)在慢性腎臟病患者的管理中構(gòu)建了智能健康隨訪管理系統(tǒng)，通過(guò)組建團(tuán)隊(duì)、搭建系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)等方式，為患者提供全面的隨訪服務(wù)。這種系統(tǒng)整合了多種資源，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)對(duì)患者的個(gè)性化管理和精準(zhǔn)干預(yù)。

Intelligent Health Follow up Management System Follow up: China has built an intelligent health follow-up management system for the management of chronic kidney disease patients, providing comprehensive follow-up services to patients through team building, system architecture, and other methods. This system integrates multiple resources and can achieve personalized management and precise intervention for patients.

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